Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example An auditor who works for a mid size firm takes on the assignment of auditing Telechubbies for the first time based on information that is provided to the auditor by Rachel Jones, the financial controller of Telechubbies. The basic information given to the auditor is that there is a requirement to maintain a 2:1 debt to equity ratio based on a loan contract. The provision for inventory obsolesces is 10% which is was cut 100 per cent from the previous year’s levels and the company wants another 100 per cent reduction this year to bring it down to 5%. A third piece of data given is that the long term receivables in the books belong to an R&D company owned by one of the directors. The auditor would start this audit by inspecting the balance sheet, income statement, annual report, code of ethics, and physical warehouse of Telechubbies. The balance sheet requires special attention. This financial statements has the data to calculate the debt to equity ratio. The auditor needs to inspect that the company is complying with the 2:1 requirement. After verifying the metric the auditor should go back a few years and compare the current debt to equity ratio level to the last three years results to find any tendency in the metric that might place the contract at risk in the near future. The company recently changed its inventory obsolescence provision to 10%. The auditor has to immediately verify if this changed was notified to the shareholders in the financial statements in the form of a note to the financial statements. This change represent a new discrepancy in the way the accounting methods thus it must be notified for purposes of following the accounting principle of consistency. The desired to cut the provision down to 5% requires certain numerical and physical auditing procedures. The long term receivable information is a worrisome sign since lending money to a company that is owned by a company director

Sexual Harassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Sexual Harassment - Essay Example Asking for sexual favors is a direct form of sexual harassment but in some cases indirect favors are also an important element of sexual harassment. The individual involved is either asked for the favor for a reward or he/she is put in such an environment that it becomes hostile for him (Lewis 2001). Many link sexual harassment to be a gender specific situation as most of the cases are seen to be following the women who are subordinating certain individuals. These sexual harassment situations not only lead to deleterious effects on health but they also affect the state of mind of the individual concerned. Sexual harassment is not only related to workplace environments but is also related to the people who are working in military and the service sector (Street et al 2008). Sexual harassment not only refers to the sexual favors but it also relates to the body language of the individuals. Behaviors that are unwelcome by individuals and can be clearly anticipated for making someone offen ded are said to be incorporating the broad definition of sexual harassment (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2013). Actions that are pervasive and considered hostile are also associated with the sexual harassment situations. It is also seen that sexual harassment can lead to post traumatic stress disorder in many people as the person undergoes anxiety and depression after undergoing these situations (Street et al 2008). More studies help to find out the correlation of race with sexual harassment as it can be seen that the African Americans are likely to come under the situations of sexual harassment more often than their counterparts. Adolescence is also a factor for the increase in the cases of sexual harassment as found by a study conducted by Goldstein (Goldstein et al 2007). The elements of sexual harassment that have not been reviewed properly are related to the sex

Brabantio Protests the Marriage of His Daughter Essay

Brabantio Protests the Marriage of His Daughter - Essay Example This essay would therefore like to determine whether Othello is doomed to fall because of his position as a Black, or because he is merely an outsider. But even with the second option, the play would demonstrate xenophobic tendencies. What was the attitude of Shakespeare’s England to Blacks? England first â€Å"encountered† Blacks sometime in the sixteenth century, probably around 1554 (Orkin 166). By 1601, however, there must have been enough rise in the Black population for Elizabeth I to have noticed and criticized the â€Å"great numbers of Negars and blackamoors which are crept into† England (Jones 12). There was therefore, already a culture of mistrust against the Moors in England. The word â€Å"black† at the time had many different, negative associations of evil, as the OED suggests. However, Shakespeare may not have been part of this attitude. Aaron in Titus Andronicus is still a racial stereotype, but by the time Shakespeare writes Merchant of Ve nice, he is ready to present a more dignified Moor (Orin167).

The Coffee Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Coffee Crisis Essay Introduction In 2011, Diego Comin, Associate Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, revised his 2009 case study on the Great Moderation (reproduced by permission for Capella University, 2011). The case explores whether or not the Great Moderation, defined by investopedia. com as â€Å"the period of decreased macroeconomic volatility experienced in the United States since the 1980’s [during which] the standard deviation of quarterly real GDP declined by half, and the standard deviation of inflation declined by two-thirds (para.1)† is still in effect. This paper will use evidence from research in a draft by Pancrazi and Vukotic (2011) that proposes â€Å"macroeconomic variables in the last thirty years have not only experienced a reduction in their overall volatility, but also an increase in their persistence (p. 2). † The 2011 research paper also purports that â€Å"by using a New-Keynesian macroeconomic model the responsiveness of output variance to changes in the monetary policy decreases with an increase in the persistence of technology (p. 2). † The result, according to Pancrazi and Vukotic, is an â€Å"overestimate† of the monetary influence and authority to â€Å"smooth out the real economic dynamics (p. 2). † The Great Moderation and the The Great Recession. Comin, in â€Å"The Great Moderation, Dead or Alive? † (Capella, 2011), quotes Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve: reduced macroeconomic volatility has numerous benefits. Lower volatility of inflation improves market functioning, makes economic planning easier, and reduces the resources devoted to hedging inflation risks. Lower volatility of output tends to imply more stable employment and a reduction in the extent of economic uncertainty confronting households and firms. The reduction in the volatility of output is also closely associated with the fact that recessions have become less frequent and less severe (p. 17). † Comin points out that these conditions existed until the Great Recession of 2007 when the U. S. and other countries experienced the longest period of recession and â€Å" the largest GDP contraction in the U. S. since the Great Depression (p. 17). In â€Å"Overlooking the Great Moderation, Consequences for the Monetary Policy† (2011), the researchers hypothesize that the â€Å"Great Moderation might have been fertile ground for the recent recession (p. 3), in that technology caused an â€Å"increased persistence in the macroeconomic variables (p. 4). † Macroeconomic Observations. To summarize Comin’s (2011) account of macroeconomic activity in the U. S between 1930 and 2010, when observing the GDP during this period, he says, â€Å"it is clear that since around 1984 it has been harder to observe large deviations from the average growth rate (p.17). † When examining other macroeconomic variables, Comin says that hours worked, consumption, investment, labor productivity, and total factor productivity (TFP), have, for the most part, â€Å"experienced stabilization by roughly the same magnitude, [where] the stock market has not stabilized significantly. If anything, it has become more volatile over the last few decades (p. 18). † Pancrazi and Vukotic focus their research on â€Å"studying the behavior of the total factor productivity (TFP) before and after the Great Moderation (p.4)†¦[by] using a basic New-Keynesian model featuring imperfect completion and price stickiness, [to ascertain] whether a change in the persistence of TFP affects the responsiveness of the real variables to the monetary policy (p. 6). † Their observations include an examination of the stability of TFP and an assessment that â€Å"a higher Microeconomic impact of the coffee crisis. The case study conveys that â€Å"coffee was the main source of income for roughly 25 million farmers, mostly small land holders, in Latin America, Africa, and Asia (p.1). † The coffee crisis created immense hardship for these small producers; â€Å"in some countries, farmers had been forced to take their children out of school and put them to work (p. 1). † One of the consequences of the coffee crisis that was less publicized was how larger farms and their workers were devastated. Large farms generally do not use non-cash family workers, like many of the smaller farmers do; as a result of the crisis, many workers were laid off, subsequently putting larger farms completely out of business. (Price, 2003) Where some producers chose to get out of the coffee business and venture into unknown territory with a new crop, others either attempted to break into the coffee â€Å"niche† market or decrease their outputs. (Line Tickell, 2003) In the ICO report on the impact the coffee crisis has had on poverty, the socio-economic impact reported by the respondent countries is filled with narratives that describe families and farmers who worked in the coffee industry unable to pay for medicine, food, and other essentials. Families are also reported to have migrated to cities, where there is typically no work for skilled farmers; some countries report that workers have migrated leaving their families behind. (Osorio, 2003) Solutions for long term sustainability. The case study presents an outline of solutions recommended by the ICO, Technoserve (as reported to the Inter-American Development Bank) and Oxfam. â€Å"The Coffee Crisis† states that, according to Oxfam, â€Å"the long run solution†¦was a commitment to ‘fair trade’†¦ a system in which a buyer in the first world agrees to pay third-world producers enough to support a decent living (p.5). † Oxfam says that â€Å"the fair trade movement was designed to provide an assured income and other benefits to the farmers associated with it (Line Tickell, 2003, p. 8). † Technoserve believes the following â€Å"three areas offer the highest potential for sustainable impact: 1. Increasing coffee consumption in producer countries and emerging market countries; 2. Assisting unprofitable producers of high-quality Arabica to move into higher-priced specialty coffees; and 3. Helping regions with a high concentration of marginal coffee producers who cannot differentiate their product or compete on price to diversify into other products and industries (para. 15 16). † In June, 2004, Nestor Osorio of the ICO presented to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) a report titled: â€Å"Lessons Learned from the Coffee Crisis: A Serious Problem for Sustainable Development. † In it he outlines the economic strategies he believed would prevent a future crisis and assist coffee producer toward long-term sustainability. Two proposed policies address the supply-demand problem: 1. To use the experience of the coffee crisis to create awareness – best achieved through the ICO – in national and international bodies of the danger of embarking on any projects or programmes (sic) which will further increase supply; and 2. Working to increase the benefits accruing from value-added products rather than traditional bulk commodity exports. Osorio recognizes the importance of â€Å"the need for market development to increase demand (p. 5)† also. He says that projects intended to benefit the supply chain should include actions from farmer to consumer, as well as farmer to exporter. These include: 1. â€Å"Support for the ICO’s Quality-Improvement Programme as a means of improving consumer appreciation and consumption of coffee; 2. Action to increase consumption in coffee-producing countries themselves, which should have a number of positive effects such as providing an alternative market outlet, increasing producer awareness of consumer preferences, stimulation of small and medium enterprises, etc. as well as acting to increase demand; 3. Action to enhance knowledge and appreciation of coffee in large emerging markets such as Russia and China, following the successful ICO campaigns in the 1990s; and 4. Protecting consumption levels in traditional markets through quality maintenance, development of niche markets and dissemination of positive information on the health benefits of coffee consumption. (p. 5-6). † Conclusion The coffee market has been described as an â€Å"imperfect market; a market that in recent years has failed – both in human and economic terms (Lines Tickell, 2003, p. 8). † The coffee crisis illuminated the impact the market had on international trade, national economies, businesses and families many in underdeveloped, low income countries. Because the regions where coffee can be grown are also many times third-world or repressed countries, coffee production is considered a humanitarian concern as well as an economic issue. Where an organization like Technoserve may lean toward business partnership solutions for the coffee industry, and Oxfam may concentrate on the humanitarian perspective, the International Coffee Organization appears to have taken a balanced approach in presenting the plight of coffee producers from both altruistic and economic perspectives. Where it is understood that many depressed areas and nations depend on coffee crops for sustenance, the ICO has taken a stand that the lessons learned from the coffee crisis must be solved with the tenets of economics, coupled with social responsibility, if families, farms, businesses and coffee-producing nations are going to achieve long-term sustainability. References Capella University. (Eds. ). (2011). MBA6008: Global Economic Environment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Lines, T. , Tickell, S. (2003, May 1). Walk the Talk, Oxfam International Briefing Paper, May, 2003. Oxfam International | Working together to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from www. oxfam. org/sites/www. oxfam. org/files/walk. pdf Osorio, N. (2002). ICO. org Documents/Global Crisis. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/globalcrisise. pdf Osorio, N. (2003). ICO. org Documents/G-8. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/g8e. pdf Osorio, N. (2004). ICO. org Documents/UNCTAD. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/UNCTAD. pdf Prince, M. (2003, December 3). CoffeeGeek Coffee Crisis:TechnoServe Releases Fact-Based Industry Analysis. CoffeeGeek News, Reviews, Opinion and Community for Coffee and Espresso. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http://coffeegeek. com/resources/pressreleases/technoservedec42003.

Establishing and adjusting the marketing mix

Establishing and adjusting the marketing mix Toyota Australia is the leading car manufacturer in Australia having a market share of 21% beating it competitors. The company has grown and developed from its establishment from Japan in 1937. Toyota Australia marketing mix followed the 4Ps in establishing a brand that is renowned for its quality, innovation and services. They offered a wide range of vehicles which targeted the 30s to 40s age bracket and attempting to break into the gen y market. There price reflected the services and quality of manufacturing the vehicles, and the also offered consumers choice to add features. They mainly promote their brand through television, newspapers and by being a sponsor of reality shows and sporting events. They are internationally recognised and have made their mark in the marketplace Introduction Scope The following is a marketing mix review and recommendations report on the worlds largest car manufacturer Toyota. The report will outline the fundamental elements of Toyotas marketing mix, and also recommendations will be made on how to improve on each marketing mix element of the organisation. Background Toyota Motor Corporation established in 1937, is the biggest car manufacturers in the world, with its factories spanning over various countries. It is one of the worlds most successful and most profitable car manufacturers. Australia has one of the smallest and oldest car industries in the world and has played an important role in the success and development of Toyota over the past 50 years. The first Toyota vehicles where imported to Australia in 1958 by a mining, construction and services company called Thiess, who imported 13 Landcruisers a model of 4WD, which they used for the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric scheme. They also began to sell the Landcruiser vehicles in 1959. In 1963 an assembling factory in Melbourne called Australian Motor Industries was established and produce the first lot of Toyota corolla and corona cars. They began to be commercially available in 1971 through Thiess Toyota who became commercial leaders in 1979. Then in 1988 the two companies merged to create the Toyota Motor Corporation Australia, which began a global competiveness and established an important export market. In 1994 the Toyota Altona Assembly Plant is opened and the Toyota corolla is the first car to be built in the plant. Vision Toyotas vision is to become the most respected and admired company, in the car industry Mission Their mission is to deliver high quality automotive products and services to their customers, and being actively involved with the community, partners and environment. Methodology Various methods were used to conduct the review of Toyotas marketing mix. One of the methods used was conducting a survey, to find out what the public had in mind when it came to Toyota. These were handed out to random people passing by, and were asked to complete the survey anonymously. They were basic questions that required a bit of thinking from each individual as how they perceive Toyota as a brand. The survey contained a perceptual map which each person was ask to plot where they think a certain car brand fits. The other methods that were used to gather research, was using online resources such as the Toyota website to get a better understanding of the companys direction and the range of products that they offered. The website was very insightful and was clear and easy to navigate, and was very informative. Also the Australian Bureau of Statistics was used to gather information on sales and market share of all the major car companies in comparison to Toyota. This provided factual statistics and information that was very relevant in determining how Toyota fits in to Australias car industry and market. Results Findings Untitled.jpg . Perceptual Map of Car brands comparisons on Reliability vs. Durability The sample result from the survey shows the perceptual map of how consumers compared Toyota and other brand of cars when it came to reliability and durability. The outcome of where Toyota is placed in the map is very high on its reliability and durability. Toyotas market strategy is to sell a top quality product that lasts. This grabs the consumers attention when their looking to buy a car that is reliable and durable. Marketplace Toyota Motor Corporation is the largest vehicle manufacturer in the world. Toyota co-operates with 51 manufacturing companies in 26 nations, and sells its vehicles in over 170 countries under the Toyota, Lexus, Hino and Daihatsu brands. Toyota leads the automotive industry in environmental technologies with their new innovative hybrid technology in their Prius and Hybrid Camry vehicles. They are also looking into the development of Fuel cell technology for future vehicles. Toyota has in recent years dominant the Australian car market, with a market share around 21 percent (Fig.2) and is steadily rising with predictions that it might reach 25 percent by 2012. Toyota Australia has remained the number one brand for selling more vehicles than any other single car brand in the industry for more than 14 years. Toyotas Market Share Toyota has dealerships across Australia that sells their range of vehicles from cars, SUVs, trucks and hybrids. They have established a well know brand that people associated thing such as quality, durability, reliability, innovation, safety, and sustainability. There brand revolves around keeping a high standard to ensure that the customer receive the highest quality product and service which keep them loyal to the brand. Toyotas four core values: Customer first Respect for people International focus Continuous improvement and innovation. Target Audience Toyota covers a wide market sector that caters for families with its range of sedans to other vehicles such as four wheel drives, sports cars, luxury vehicles and small hatchbacks and buses. The age demographic that Toyota mainly targets are early 30s to mid 50 year old consumers. Toyota aims to target all possible sectors and just recently cracked into the large car market with their Toyota Aurion sedan. This was marketed to large families and was proved successful after taking the title of best large car of the year in 2009 by Australian consumers. Toyotas latest marketing attempt was to target the generation y sector with a new small car called Rukus, which Toyota calmed that it will appeal to the young consumers. Its boxy shape and edgy urban styling are anything but boring, so youll never blend in. As described in the Toyota website, claiming that to be different is an important factor when it comes to marketing to the gen y consumers. They are also targeting the environmental conscious consumers, who want to do their part in reducing their impact on the environment by limiting CO2 emissions. Toyota developed an advance hybrid technology which it has implemented in two of its vehicles the Prius and Camry. The hybrid technology combines fuel and electricity to power the engine. Toyota strives to become the leader in innovation of new vehicle technologies. Toyotas Marketing Mix Elements 4 Ps Toyotas marketing mix consists of the 4 Ps which make up the basis of Toyotas overall market strategy. The 4 Ps stand for; Product Price Promotion Place Product A good product can be self marketed when it benefits the consumer demand. When marketing a product, it must differentiate to what a competitor is offering by features, design packaging, services, warranties, safety and environmental impact. Toyota offers a wide range of products that meet the demands of the consumer while being different to the other car brands on the market. There product range is segmented into four areas each meeting the needs of what a consumer is looking for in a vehicle. Toyotas product market contains the following Passenger consisting of small, mid size, and large cars. Aurion, Camry, Corolla, Rukus, Tarago, Yaris. 4WD SUVs Kluger, Landcruiser 200, Prado, Rav4 Commercial Coaster, HiAce, HiLux, Landcruiser 70 Hybrid Camry, Prius Toyota offers with its products after sales services, such as Toyota Service Advantage which includes capped price servicing, specialist technicians, and genuine parts. They also offer financing at a low rate so that consumers are able to have the product sooner. Price The prices set for products plays a major role in its marketability. The pricing of vehicles in Toyota depends on what the consumer wants to include in their vehicle. They set a base price which then increases if a consumer wants to modify or add options such as metallic paint, wheels, body kits or extended service warranty. This gives the consumer more choice and flexibility as to how they want their vehicle to be when they purchase it. The price of vehicles in the range can start from $18,990 to a more premium price of $80,000 or more dependent on the make, model and add options. The pricing of Toyota vehicles are higher in some areas in comparison to its competitors, but its main selling point is that they sell you a top quality product with great service and parts, that is also reliable and has the highest safety standards. Promotion Promotion is way of communicate to consumers and grabbing their attention to make a sale. This usually involves three ways of effective promoting through advertising, public relations, and sales promotion. Toyota uses various methods when it comes to promotion, advertising through television, radio, internet, newspapers, billboards, yellow pages, flyers, brochures and word of mouth. They keep reiterating that they are a car company that provide quality, durability, reliability, innovation, safety, and sustainability. Toyota over the years uses catchy slogans to draw attention to their brand. When a person hears oh what a feeling! they directly associate it to the Toyota brand, and recall the television ad of a person jumping and freezing in mid air. This is the most recognised slogan in advertising which they have used since the 1980s in Australia. Toyota teamed up with a renovation show called The Block in promoting their new model Yaris. This is seen as a smart promotional strategy as they are sponsoring a popular show; in turn this extends Toyotas reach to their audience. They also offer a chance to win a new car which also makes the consumer want the product more by enticing them that they have a chance of winning. Place Distribution or place is a very crucial element of the marketing mix as the main thing that must be addressed is how we reach the consumers. Toyota sells its vehicles through its dealerships across Australia. Sales are mainly made to public consumers on a one on one basis with their selling staff. Toyota has also established distribution channels overseas with more than half the vehicle manufactured in Australia being export to regions such as the Middle East. The availability of Toyota vehicles has become very easy to all consumers in Australia and overseas. The internet has also opened a major channel as consumers are able to inspect, enquiry and purchase a vehicle without leaving their home. SWOT Analysis Strength Weakness Market leader with 21% market share Strong brand image Customer loyalty Car manufacturing leader Quality issues (due to recalls) Production capacity Pricing Opportunities Threats Producing more environmentally friendly vehicles Targeting the younger demographic Product recalls Rising oil prices Production costs Downturn in economy Limitations The report presented many limitations, which interrupt some of the methods such as the collection of data and research. The follow issues where faced while doing the report Information when it can to investigating Toyotas marketing strategies as a whole the information was limited and inaccessible. Interpretations had to be made based upon the limited information that was provided, and observation. Survey Surveys proved to be a challenge as people were not interested or willing to take part in the survey. Analysis as there was lack of marketing information available about Toyota, secondary sources of information had to be used which could prove to be inaccurate Recommendations The recommendations that Toyota may apply to improve their marketing mix can be drawn upon in the follow; Product When it comes to Toyotas product range they are missing key markets that other car brands have successfully achieved, such as introducing a wider range of large cars for large families, also target young consumers who are able to afford a Toyota vehicle they should start with mid 20s then work their way down the age bracket as teens might not find Toyota affordable which puts then off the brand. Toyota should also expand their hybrid technology to the smaller cars which has not been done yet. Price when it comes to affordability Toyota misses the mark, even though it thrives on quality and services the price seems to be inflated and is further inflated when a consumer wants to add a certain feature. I recommend that they offer a bundle or package deal such as free insurance for a year or free fuel to make the purchase seem worth it. Promotion Toyota should start advertising on social networks if it is to target the young age bracket. Also making ads that will appeal to the young generation but without losing all identity of Toyota. Coming up with a new catchy slogan to get the consumers involved. Offering more sales, discounts and offers that benefit the consumer, starting a loyalty program for the customers, keeping them informed. Place Toyota has positioned its self in the number one spot, to continue being a market leader they must improve their distribution channels such as the dealerships which are located in areas of low income earners, and retirees which decreases sales. Conclusion Drawing upon all the research and results, Toyota has built an industry which people associated quality, durability, reliability, innovation, safety, and sustainability. They have established themself as Australias leading car brand with their wide range of vehicles that suit any consumer. There pricing is somewhat high but its a reflection of the quality and service they provide. Toyota has become an internationally recognised brand that thrives on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The further development of becoming a sustainable car manufacturer, appeals to the public as they are showing their commitment in sustaining the global environment. They are yet to develop a successful marketing strategy when it comes to appealing to the younger consumers. Appendix Survey Structure Toyota Australia Survey Age: Gender: For each item identified below, circle the number to the right that best fits your judgment of its quality. Use the scale above to select the quality number. Description/Identification of Survey Item Scale Strongly Agree Neither Strongly Disagree Toyota is a brand that you can trust 1 2 3 4 Toyota is a brand that is reliable 1 2 3 4 Toyota is seen as innovative 1 2 3 4 Toyota products are affordable 1 2 3 4 Toyota cares about the environment (sustainability) 1 2 3 4 The offer a large range of vehicles 1 2 3 4 Easily identified from other brand 1 2 3 4 is appealing, fresh and vibrant 1 2 3 4 fulfils the consumers needs 1 2 3 4 makes you want to own a vehicle 1 2 3 4 offer flexibility and options 1 2 3 4 Toyota is customer focused 1 2 3 4

George Sugarman a sculpture :: Essays Papers

George Sugarman a sculpture Best known today for his public art, George Sugarman began his career with formally eccentric painted-wood sculptures. In a revelatory New York exhibition, early pieces were shown alongside the 86-year-old artist's more recent aluminum work. In the course of 1998, there were a number of important sculpture exhibitions in New York galleries and museums, including the Museum of Modern Art's Tony Smith retrospective, Dia's presentation of Richard Serra's Torqued Ellipses, and a group of David Smith's late painted-steel works at Gagosian Gallery. For me, however, the most impressive and thought-provoking sculpture show of the year was a concise survey of George Sugarman's work presented by Hunter College at the galleries in its Fine Arts Building on Manhattan's West 41st Street. Bringing together 16 sculptures made between 1958 and 1995, the exhibition allowed viewers to trace Sugarman's career from his carved-wood works of the late 1950s to his polychrome, laminated-wood pieces of the 1960s to the painted-aluminum work that has occupied him since the early 1970s. While the show did not cover Sugarman's extensive activity in the public-art realm--over the last 30 years he has created large-scale public sculptures throughout the U.S. as well as in Europe and Asia--it was an effective presentation of his "indoor" work. (Sugarman has drawn a useful distinction between what he calls the "indoor eye," a museum- and gallery-oriented esthetic vision which perceives the work of art in isolation from its surroundings, and the "outdoor eye," which allows us to view public art as part of a wider environment.) Thanks to the presence of major, rarely seen works such as Two in One (1966) and Ten (1968), the show was a welcome reminder of Sugarman's unique and indispensable contribution to postwar sculpture. One of the earliest works on view was Six Forms in Pine (1959), a carved-wood sculpture which brought Sugarman his first major recognition when it won a prize at the 1961 Carnegie International. Among the last of his unpainted works, it's a nearly 12-foot long, smoothly flowing concatenation of horizontal abstract forms that rests on two pedestals set several feet apart. Rippling patterns of chisel marks are visible across every surface as are the strata of the laminated wood. The forms, which range from gently swelling, landscape-like shapes to more sharply defined volumes that evoke architecture or hand tools, are clearly differentiated within the continuous overall structure. While the carving technique and biomorphism relate Six Forms in Pine to established sculptural styles of the 1950s, the sculpture also possesses properties which presage Sugarman's innovative work of the next decade.

Human Behavior and Environment Essay

1. Every person we come into contact with on a daily basis is able to teach us a little something about life. You just have to be open to learning. This particular counselor who was introduced to Steve for whatever cosmic reason, but left the encounter more knowledgeable about the human condition than when initially introduced. At first glance and without knowing any background on Steve the counselor could have just chalked Steve up as a special needs student who in no way was going to succeed being away from home. The councilor however took time out and got to know his student and found all the triumphs that he had been faced with and had overcome throughout the years. The counselor was able to determine that this student was in no way going to give up and fall between the cracks due to a series of unfortunate events. Every child I come in contact with on a daily basis has their own story, many of which are heart wrenching or unnerving, but yet many persevere and will become productive members of society because someone along the way has showed that they care. 2. Steve was able to benefit just as much as the counselor through this interaction. He was able to persevere and complete his education. All that Steve needed was for someone else to also see the end of the tunnel as well as he saw it. Having someone on the same page and able to stand with you through your goals is beneficial to all those involved not just the single individual with the goal. I think the biggest push anyone could ever get is having someone who does not know you say â€Å"you can’t do that†; it provides all the more motivation to prove them wrong. According to the National Organization of Human Services (NOHS), a code of ethics is an explicit statement of the values, principles, and the rules of a profession, regulating the conduct of its members† (Barker, 2001, p. 84) There are two statements found in the NOHS though that best summarize this code and make it applicable to the field in which I am currently surrounded by. STATEMENT 45 Human service educators demonstrate full commitment to their appointed responsibilities, and are enthusiastic about and encouraging of students’ learning. STATEMENT 46 Human service educators model the personal attributes, values and skills of the human service professional, including but not limited to, the willingness to seek and respond to feedback from students. In reading Steve’s journey on the Hero’s Path there is an identifiable moment that relates to my current position that I have been witness to and assisted with. As a guidance secretary for a public school I have seen man types of students walk through our door. Our most recent students who have come in search of a chance to blend in with a traditional student body are two students who found themselves being best friends despite each other’s complex issues. One is an overweight 16 year old and suffers from Prader-Willi Syndrome and sneaks food from our cafeteria any chance he gets. The other a 17 year old was born with malformation of the mouth and hands. Both are part of our special education program. Because of their outward appearances, both are shunned by the other student, which has had very little effect on them. To assist them in this effort of blending in our Administrative Resource Teacher, who is popular and liked by the student body because of her understanding and helpful nature has essentially deputized these two during our busiest lunch period. In order to keep the child with Prader-Willi from stealing uneaten food and his friend from stealing anything for him, they eat their lunch and when they are done, are placed on crime watch patrol around the perimeter of the school, with our ART. The child with Prader-Willi gets exercise and it removes him from tempting treats left behind by students such as milk and chips. Both also get the satisfaction of knowing that despite their abnormalities they are regular students. During pep assemblies when the excited student body is a little overwhelming, these students also know that my office is a safe haven for them. They know that they must do work alphabetizing or organizing but they each have a task. I’ve heard many of our administrators repeat this saying time and time again â€Å"you need to know our students, in order to teacher them†, the same applies in any interaction with them. Students don’t just learn in the four walls of a classroom, they learn in every kind of environment. If you make that environment one in which they are comfortable students will return time after time to seek your guidance and model attributes they found and have seen demonstrated. References Halstead, Richard A. (2000, January). From tragedy to triumph: counselor as companion on the hero’s journey. Counseling & Values, 44(2), 100. http://www. nationalhumanservices. org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals.