Human Resources Vocabulary for English Learners

English teachers are often not equipped to go into depth in the terminology required in specific trade sectors. For this reason, supplementary core vocabulary sheets go a long way in helping teachers provide adequate materials for students needing an intensive study of vocabulary in very targeted areas. This core vocabulary reference sheet provides keywords and phrases used by a business human resources department. This list can be used as a starting point for  vocabulary study relating to employment and working. Knowledge of these terms can help people get a job and understand employee handbooks of policies that they are required to follow upon employment at a company. The list contains British and American spellings of terms and phrases, as noted by the use of (UK) and British spellings such as labour, which is spelled labor in the United States. Human Resources Vocabulary absentee absenteeism absenteeism rate accident at work/industrial injury applicant/candidate application form apprenticeship aptitude test assessment of applicants assistant back pay bargaining power basic salary blue-collar worker business  hours/office  hours Christmas bonus clerical  work/office  work company  bargaining/company  negotiation compensation for permanent disability contractual situation cost-of-living allowance credentials day shift direct  labour  (UK) disability pension disciplinary measure/disciplinary sanction discrimination dismissal dismissal for cause dismissal without notice early retirement employer employment agency employment  card/working  papers employment contract/labour contract (UK) employment for a trial period employment  office employment  rate executive cadres executive personnel exit permit experienced person family allowances family leave federal holiday/national holiday (US)/public holiday (UK) freelance full employment full time full-time employment general  strike gross wages and salaries harassment have an accident at work healthcare higher education/advanced education human relations (US)/human relationships (UK) independent unions index-linked wages indirect  labour (UK) industrial  tribunal (UK)/labour  court (UK) internal regulations irregular work/discontinuous work job/employment job application job description job evaluation job satisfaction job security job sharing junior  clerk/junior  employee labor costs labor disputes labor force/manpower labor market labor mobility labor relations (US) /industrial relations (UK)   labor relations/trade-union relations labor retraining labor supply labor union (US)/trade union (UK)   layoff learning by doing leave letter of appointment lock-out management training managing director maternity leave middle management minimum rate of pay minimum wage moonlighting motivation night shift occupation/employment office hours office manager office staff/office personnel on-the-job training outsourcing overtime pay overtime work part time part-time job partial disability pay pay envelope (US)/wage packet (UK) pay  formula/retribution  diagram pay increase for merit paycheck/payslip payroll/payroll ledger pension pension fund period of notice permanent disability permanent job/steady job permanent staff personnel/staff personnel department personnel requirements planner pretax prevention production bonus professional qualifications professional training programmer purchasing manager re-employment redundancy payment refresher course relationship management remuneration resign (chairperson)/to give notice (employee) resignation (chairperson)/notice (employee) retirement retirement age right to strike salaried  workers/employees salary salary  range/wage  band seasonal employment seasonal workers second shift secondary job senior clerk / senior employee severance  pay / dismissal  pay short-term employment sick leave / sick day skilled labor (US) / skilled  labour (UK) skilled work skilled workers social costs social insurance / national insurance Social Security (US) sole  director staff costs / personnel costs striker temporary disability temporary staff temporary worker / temp the job is still vacant third shift time card time clock to apply for a job to appoint a person to ask for a raise to be dismissed / to be fired to be laid off to be on probation / to be on trial to be on strike to be out of work / to be unemployed to dismiss / to fire to fill a vacancy to go on strike to hold a position to interview to retire to risk indemnity to secure employment to select candidates to strike to take measures to take ones vacation  days (US) / to take ones  holidays (UK)   to train to work at home / to telecommute top manager total disability trade training training period trial period under contract underemployed unemployment unemployment benefits union dues / union subscription union officer / trade unionist unjustified dismissal unpaid leave unskilled labor (US) / unskilled labour (UK) unskilled worker vacancy / vacant position vacation (US) / holiday (UK) wage  bargaining / pay  negotiations wage ceiling wage claims wage dynamics wage freeze wage pressures wage-cost spiral wage-earning workers welfare contributions white-collar worker work overtime work shift workday (US) / working day (UK) worker working hour workload workplace

Racial Discrimination, a Long History - 1590 Words

Throughout history, discrimination has been one of the most discussed topics. Discrimination can be understood as a negative attitude toward individuals based on their beliefs in religious, racial, ethnic, political, or other domains. Our world has always faced the problem of discrimination. Discrimination does not just happen in one place or country; it happens everywhere in the world and affects different types or groups of people. Just as we live in a culturally diverse society, myriad countries has encountered at least one form of discrimination. Racial discrimination, one of most common type of discrimination, has existed for thousands of years. Racial discrimination occurs when a person is treated unfairly because of their race,†¦show more content†¦They would do such things as violent threats to make them leave their town and even such things as shootings and hangings just because they had a different skin color. This hatred and belief in the inferiority of African Americans entangled violence. Throughout the course of history, similarly to the blacks in America, the Jews in Europe have also been marginalized and suffered the greatest infraction against humanity in history. At that time of history the political leader of Germany was Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi party. He promised the German people that the country would get better if he got rid of the inferior race, which is the Jews. Nazism, the political system led by Hitler during World War 2, said â€Å"the best races were the purest ones that didn’t mix with other races; the supreme race was the â€Å"Aryan† race† (Arrieta par.1). Hitler felt that there was no place for Jews in their country. His hatred turned into inspiration for the policy of racial segregation and cruelty. It was the beginning of an era of disaster and massacre for Jews. Many discriminatory and violent attacks submerged Jewish neighborhoods. Nazi mobs broke the glass in Jewish shop windows; they stole from Jewish apartments, torched synagogues, and sent thousands of Jews to concentration camps. It was during this disastrous time that â€Å"Over 400 Jews were murdered and a fine wasShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination : An American Civil Rights Activist942 Words   |  4 PagesAl Sharpton an American civil rights activist talked about racial discrimination in America today and said â€Å"As I often say, we have come a long way from the days of slavery, but in 2014, discrimination and inequality still saturates our society in modern ways. Though racism may be less blatant now in many cases, its existence is undeniable.† (Al Sharpton. BrainyQuote.com) Racial discrimination is a pessimistic reality that affects everyone in our society. Racism has destroyed and ended many livesRead MoreRacial Discrimination in America1439 Words   |  6 PagesDate: August 16, 2010 Racial Discrimination in America Abstract The framers that wrote the Declaration of Independence intended for this country to be founded on the rights of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. To an extent, this has been true, but our country still has a long way to go. Unless American society chooses to change their mindset and their way of thinking, then this country will never advance and there will continue to be racial discrimination in every aspect of our dailyRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Racism : Segregation And Violence1400 Words   |  6 PagesNegative Effects of Racism: Segregation and Violence Racial discrimination affects many minority groups and this issue still occurs to this day. Racial discrimination is the act of treating others differently because of the color of their skin. Although there have been laws placed to prohibit racial discrimination, racism still occurs and continues to have many negative effects to minority groups today. The negative effects of racial discrimination are discussed in the fiction novel, To Kill a MockingbirdRead MoreThe Black Renaissance And The Great Depression971 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history African Americans have not had it easy. Blacks in America have had a long struggle to gain equality and freedom, which still exists to this day. The years 1917 to 1945 were particularly tough for African Americans. Racial discrimination was at a high and segregation laws enforced the idea that blacks were inferior to the whites. African Americans desired to escape the unfair treatment and obtain equal rights, but found themselves stuck. The two World Wars drew African AmericansRead MoreRacial Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System1725 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination is defines as racism that implicates the credence in racial differences, which acts as a justification for non-equal treatment of members of that race. Also, this paper will be focusing on the race industry within the criminal justice system in all level law enforcement, courts and court system. Racial discrimination can be researched back in history its leading enablers take it as undisputable that the African American community has the highest number of incarceration ratesRead MoreRace Relations : A Resolved Issue?1644 Words   |  7 PagesRace is a much discussed social and political topic. Race, especially in the United States is everybody’s business. Profiling is evident today, where going to an airport can be a hassle if you fit a certain stereotype. But race relations have come a long way. It has changed vastly from th e time of the civil rights movement. We have to remember that the recognition of an injustice and public outcry will change nothing until we understand completely the issues that bring about these events. We have toRead MoreThe Civil Disobedience Of African Americans1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of African-Americans has come a long way through the years. They were first imported as slaves as property to do hard labor for their owners. With no freedom, they were forced to obey orders until a revolution appeared. It took a civil war to finally free blacks and to give them the right to be citizens of the country. It was then that the chains of slavery were finally broken, but the chain of discrimination still existed. Under racial segregation, colored people were not allowed toRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racial Discrimination1425 Words   |  6 PagesRacism consists of ideologies and practices that seek to justify, or cause, the unequal distribution of privileges, rights or goods among different racial groups. Modern variants are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualitiesRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The Worst Form Of Inequality1388 Words   |  6 Pages Aristotle once said â€Å"The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal.† Racial discrimination occurs everyday to many different people. In America,the individuals who are usually discriminated against are the minorities like African Americans and Hispanics. Affirmative action is a policy that was created and has been claimed to be positive discrimination. The policy was created to give equal opportunity to groups of people who are usually discriminated against. Although AffirmativeRead MoreRacial Conflicts And Their Impact On Neighborhood1411 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Racial Conflicts and Their Impact on Neighborhood in Do the Right Thing Do the Right Thing depicts a neighborhood in 1980s Brooklyn in which exists several races including American white people, African Americans, Italians as well as Asians. There is high racial tension between these races, which results violence and racial conflicts in this mixed neighborhood. These violent behaviors and conflicts have harmed the harmony and further restrained the development of the neighborhood. This

Development Of The Mammary Gland - 9524 Words

Introduction 1. Normal mammary gland 1.1 normal mammary gland anatomies The normal breast sits on the chest muscle, consisting mainly of adipose tissue, also known as mammary fat pad. The mature mammary gland is composed of 15-20 lobes, which are each composed of smaller structure called lobules. Tiny Lactiferous ducts connect lobules to each other. (Fig. 1b) (Schneider and Bocker). A typical structure of duct is composed of a hollow lumen, enclosed by a layer of epithelial luminal cells that produce milk (Fig 1c). Outside of epithelial luminal cells is a layer of myoepithelial cell and basement membrane (Visvader). Maintain the correct morphology of duct requires extracellular matrix which together with fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and adipocytes, constitute mammary stroma. Fat fills the spaces between the lobules and ducts. 1.2 Mammary gland development Development of the mammary gland starts during embryogenesis but takes several years to complete; indeed, they are still primitive structures that are not yet connected to the nipple, therefore are not functional at birth (Anderson and Clarke). Until puberty, breasts grow extremely slow in size. However, at puberty, they undergo their first spurt of allometric growth and formation of the milk-producing lobules. The lobules extend into the mammary fat pad, and glands become more complex. During each menstrual cycle, ovarian hormones induce mammary development and new budding of structures up until the age ofShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Store-Dependent Channels1285 Words   |  6 PagesOrai1, Orai1 knockout mice are deficient in multiple aspects of the immune system (Feske, 2009; Gwack et al., 2008; Vig et al., 2008). The mice are small in stature, which likely results from deficient muscle development (Lyfenko and Dirksen, 2008), and possibly also in deficient development of bon e (Hwang et al., 2012; Robinson et al., 2012). The precursor cells for both osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells) and osteoblasts (bone forming cells) have reduced SOCE, and the differentiation and functionsRead MoreThe Analysis : Lactation And Breastfeeding1343 Words   |  6 Pagessince the baby food industry started to manufacture refined milk-based products as alternatives to breast milk. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that â€Å"breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants†. Breastfeeding is recommended as the exclusive source of nutrition for infants’ up to 6 months of age. After 6 months, iron-fortified complementary foods should be added to the basic diet of breast milk. 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The adipose tissue expands through the whole collar-bone to the armpit then all the way down to the middle of the female’s ribcage. In a healthy female breast, there are 12-20 lobes which are made up of minuscule lobules which are glands that produce milk. Lobules and lobes are both connectedRead MoreBreast Cancer Pain Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesBreast Cancer Pain Breast Anatomy and Physiology The breasts or mammary glands are sometimes considered a part of the reproduction system. Structurally, they are modified sweat glands. They are composed of mainly fat, breast tissue, nerves, veins, arteries, and connective tissues. The breast is usually situated on top of the pectoral major muscles covering the second rib to the sixth or seventh rib and extends from the sternum to the mid-axillary line. Breast tissue has an axillary tailRead MoreAnatomy And Physiology And Describe Their Subdivisions942 Words   |  4 Pagesbriefly explain the major functions of each system. 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The female breasts also called mammary glands are located between second and seventh rib, in front of the human chest, over the pectoralis major muscle, and consists of three types of tissues; glandular, fibrous and adipose tissues, including lymph vessels serving to drain excess fluid. Many women sufferRead More There is Nothing Wrong with Bovine Growth Hormone BGH Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesshelter to one calf, were lined up, forming a square on the dirt ground. Professor Berning explained that these separated hutches are necessary to monitor the development of each calf, as well as their nutritional intake. The dairy workers personall y hand-feed each calf colostrum, nutrient rich, premilk fluid secreted from the mammary glands of cows, that helps the calves grow into healthy milking cows. After learning about the calves’ daily diet, we were able to pet their sheer hair and damp pinkRead MoreHealth Between Urinary Bpa Levels And Increased Body Mass1368 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiments, there is evidence that the offsprings of pregnant mice treated with BPA developed glucose intolerance and had decreased insulin secretion. This suggests that BPA may contribute to metabolic disorders related to glucose homeostasis, and fetal development stage may be the critical window of susceptibility to BPA exposure (Liu et al. 2013). In a human study, Shankar and Teppala (2011) examined the association between urinary BPA concentrations and diabetes mellitus using the data from National Health

The Family Of The United States - 1885 Words

Once there was a girl named Grace, who came from a very poor Christian family in Africa. It was hard for her family to get the basic needs such as food, clean water to drink or bathe, payment for rent, and clothes. As time went by, her family saw God working in their life, meaning they started getting the basic needs, and when Grace finished her secondary school, she got an opportunity to go and study at a university in America. She was very excited for this opportunity because she knew that it would open many opportunities for her and her whole family. Thus, when she arrived to the university in America, everything was amazing for her, and she thought it was a dream. As a result, she pinched herself and realized that it was real, and she thanked God for everything. Nevertheless, living in the campus was hard because she felt like she did not belong there. This was due to being a person who judged other people based on their actions. So when she noticed that the people around her were pretending, it broke her spirit, and she decided to isolate herself. She did not share her stories with those people because they would not really listen to them; likewise, she felt like she did not have the right to do so since she was different from the people around her. Therefore, this essay will explain why international students in America have the right to tell our stories and should tell our stories to people in their campuses. These stories will benefit others, even if some peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Family Of The United States882 Words   |  4 PagesOn today’s date a family consisting of a mother, her two daughters, and three children were sent in to Passport Control Secondary. 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The families that I choose to bring do not necessarily

Managing Human Resources

Question: Describe about the managing human resources. Answer: Work schedule alternatives: According to Maitland Thomson (2014), the availability of Alternative Work Schedule varies from organisation to organisation. The "alternative work schedules" are constructed for the entire team of employees in an organisation depending on the employees compressibility and flexibility. So Pho is a halal-certified restaurant in Singapore. This restaurant is administered by the Katrina Group. The restaurant uses fresh ingredients to provide the food its authenticity. At So Pho, flexible work arrangements aid an individual work and life balance. This restaurant is famous for delivering Vietnamese delicacies. The various alternative work arrangements in So Pho are firstly the flex time schedule which offers the workers to start and terminate times around programmed core hours or exertion for regular hours in less than five days by varying the time period of every working day. Secondly, part-time arrangement refers to the working schedule that enables the staffs to work less than the tim e period of a full day. Thirdly, job-sharing arrangement involves the division of work between two employees. Fourthly, Telecommunicating allows an employee to work outside the office from anywhere. Fifthly, Fly-backs aids an individual in maintaining the work life balance that travels regularly. Lastly, Client-site flexible work arrangements aids those professionals that spent most of their time with the clients. Family friendliness: As stated by Maitland Thomson (2014), So Pho is a family-friendly restaurant which offers a new program based on the flexibility of the workplace. The staffs whether it is a full-time staff or part-time staff, they are eligible for one day leave. The flexibility in working hours creates a family friendly environment. This industry needs a lot of mental and physical labor. To reduce the stress the staffs are given off from 4pm to 7pm everyday and Saturday and Sunday 1 hour rest. Moreover, incentives motivate the staff to work more and create a friendly atmosphere in the work place. This organisation has also thought of implementing a process to reduce issues of gender equality. Through training process, such inequalities can be eliminated from the organisation (Campbell, 2015). Implementation: In order o achieve satisfaction, reduce stress from the job and meet the needs of an individuals' personal life, it is important to have working time flexibility. So Pho in future could implement on flexibility programs based on the open- mindedness of the leaders. If the organisation wants to value and attract the finest talents, the executives must identify that priorities related to life and work would shift to individuals. Secondly, a biometrics tool can be aided to the travelers during home delivery to observe their working process and time and flexibility in the working hours can be provided. Moreover, the women employees should be given the flexibility of time depending on their priorities. Women should be given a relaxation from the night shifts for their safety issues. It is, therefore, important to make amendments based on the employees needs keeping the business profits in an elevated position (Campbell, 2015). References: Maitland, A., Thomson, P. (2014). Making it happen as an organization. InFuture Work(pp. 157-178). Palgrave Macmillan UK.Campbell, K. M. (2015). Flexible Work Schedules, Virtual Work Programs, and Employee Productivity. Managing Human Resources Question: Discuss about the Managing Human Resources. Answer: Introduction Managing Human resources is one of the foremost elements that help in the triumph of a occupational firm. It helps the organizations to reach their respective goals. Human resource management processes the management of organizing human source. HRM task is to select, attract, attain and to run training to the workers and predicting the organizational culture. Multinational companies have trained professionals for individual departments. McDonalds Australia is one of the largest employers in Australia. The company and its franchises have more than 75,000 staffs and workers. McDonalds Australia, in 2008, won the award for being the best company to work with. The specified company has great and strong culture in recruiting its future leaders. This essay will outline how the recognition scheme supports McDonalds culture and how it assists the company in attracting future leaders. It will then be followed by the theories that support the McDonalds recognition scheme. In addition to that, the study will try to find whether the McDonald approach of managing its human resources can be applicable for a non-profit organization. Recognition scheme supports McDonald's culture and attracts future leaders 1. The organizational culture of McDonalds supports its industry positioning goals. As being the largest fast food chain company, McDonalds practices its governmental culture to accomplish more consumers and workers. The culture of any organization defines the ethnicities, values and habits that influence the workers behavior (Burma, 2017). For ensuring the efficient business operations, McDonalds encourages learning. In this way, McDonalds organizational culture reproduces the firms efficacy in smearing its business culture to realize the anticipated stages of human resource proficiencies (A. OSIBANJO, A. ADENIJI, O. FALOLA, T. HEIRSMAC, 2017). The specified company has a very strong culture of developing its future leaders. The organizational culture of the company is mainly to ensure the future of its employees is proved by a fact that 80% of the restaurant managers started as a crew member of the company. The company is determined in bringing people through ranks of the company which shows the strong understanding of the focus and purpose of the business (Albrecht, Bakker, Gruman, Macey, Saks, 2015). It can be said that the McDonalds has a culture that focuses on its people. McDonalds provides training and development program to its employees that are essential in ensuring the standards and develops the future leaders it requires. The company has a registered training organization and spent over $40 million for its annual program. A large portion of this expenditure is spent in the training of frontline crew members. The management of the company examines the successive plans on the quarterly basis. The culture of McDonalds is emphasized on the human resource development and for its proficiency ("BILLIONAIRE HEDGE FUND MANAGER: McDonald's culture 'has to be turned upside down'", 2017). The company wires the business development for the attainment of global fast-food market. The structural culture of McDonalds involves four different characteristics, namely, people-centricity, learning of the individual, Organizational learning and the Diversity and inclusion. People-centricity: The management of the company gives priorities to the needs of the employees (Alami et al., 2017). The core values of the Company underline the prominence of subsidiary people. This proves that McDonalds is a service business. For ensuring the sustenance to the people, the organizational culture of McDonalds inspires the workers to assist in improving the process and procedures (Das, 2013). Individual learning: The Culture of McDonalds portrays the prominence of lifelong erudition. The individual learning provided by the company promotes the productivity, business effectiveness and quality (Das Baruah, 2017). To facilitate this, McDonalds provides exercise and improvement chances through placements, global suppleness and governance development programs. Organizational Learning: McDonalds culture also chains the structural learning. The company aims in to utilize the separate learning for developing the organizational learning and to thrust the occupation forward (Kreitz, 2008). Diversity and Inclusion: the official HRM policy of the company shapes that assortment and presence are the foremost factors in the corporations organizational culture. The management understands the importance of these to deal with the changing and diverse market (Das Baruah, 2017). McDonalds has a unique culture which is underpinned by five different strategies, namely, people, price, products, place and promotion ("McDonalds as Popculture | Culturing Media", 2017). The company has a very strong recognition culture and is maintained by running formal annual events and developing programs that operate in its restaurant and corporate level. At the corporate level, managers of the company nominate the employees who have contributed significantly to the business strategy. The company is very transparent in its HR process (Dudovskiy, 2017). The framework of the Company delivers an objective framework to make pay decisions and to explain the pay decisions to the employees (Manhotoma Mahachi, 2017). The company maintains a strong team spirit and has numerous HR policies and processes that include recognition programs, development of a strong culture that has the influence on the attraction and retention of the staffs. Support McDonald's recognition scheme McDonalds uses Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory and Expectancy Theory for the recognition schemes. The author of Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory describes that people are encouraged through unmet requirements and needs. There are mainly 5 stages of hierarchy. It explained that whenever a need or demand is satisfied, it does not motivate or encourage anymore and then the next higher demand will take its place. First one is Psychological needs; these needs are the basic necessary for sustaining life such as food, water, shelter and air. The second one is Safety needs; it describes that any individual feels that she or he is under physical harm and the maximum needs will not get much attention (Irshad, 2017). Next one is Social needs; it describes that when any individual net lower stage of requirements, the higher requirements, and demands turns significant. Social needs are those that are associated with another individual like for the purpose of needs or want for friends (Schroeder, 201 2). The next need is Esteem needs; these are the needs that are associated with the self-esteems like achievements, social needs and requirements. Lastly, Self-actualizations needs; these are the needs for reaching full potential as an individual like wisdom, truth and wisdom. These are the requirements that are required to be establishing for total potential ("McDonalds as Popculture | Culturing Media", 2017). Under this theory, while encouraging the employees it is vital and significant for having an excellent understanding and knowledge of what the needs and demands are to excellent understand the employees. McDonalds provide approx. 25 various distinct business operations for the employees in order to search for the job opportunities like Insurance, Communications, Affairs, Environmental and much more. McDonalds facilities, advantages as well as compensation scheme is framed for attracting and also engaging and at the same time retaining talented persons who give quite strong performance along with this help the organization to accomplish its organizational objectives and business goals. McDonald organizes mainly four categories like Pay and Rewards, Helping Balance the Life and Work, Investment in Future and Health and Protection (Thompson, 2017). In all these categories of schemes, many of the employees needs and demands are met and satisfied. McDonald has also met up the second stage of Maslows Theory. For the purpose of the majority of the workers, the aims are to meet up the lower requirements and needs. By utilizing Maslows hierarchy, the actual aim is for giving the basic require ments like safe atmosphere where they can get the amount they required for providing for their physiological requirements (Kossivi, Xu, Kalgora, 2017). McDonald also delivers a healthy and secured environment for all their employees. The companys most important aim is to make safety for doing everything. The firm offered workplace security schemes workplace for ensuring that maximum security quality, as well as procedures, are strongly associated as well as protected on a regular basis. Employees of the firm are actually encouraged only for the reason of the safety environment (Mehta, Kurbetti, Dhankhar, 2017). Apart from this, McDonalds even considered the social needs of their employees as every person in this firm are important. The managers and the crew members are by associating with each other for supporting the challenging environment. With the help of this employee gets opportunities to gain friendship at the time of working in the firm. McDonalds also applies Expectancy Theory in order to identify all its schemes. The Expectancy Theory describes that workers encouragement is actually the faith which gives strong efforts that will result in huge functioning. Expectancy is encouraged through the factors like availability of resources, relevant skills in order to perform the job and receiving the necessary support in order to complete the job ("McDonalds goes for a culture change", 2017). Expectancy theory of encouragement argues that the determination individual gives at the time of work is run out according to the availability of a demanded reward as well as the expectation which accomplished job performance that will result in this quality, even the required business resources and also support for performing their act (Merhar, 2017). The peoples efforts depend on the three factors that are effort to performance, performance to result as well as expectancy and result valences. Employees encouragement is inspired by a ll the three factors of the expectancy theory and if any of the expectancy weakens then the motivation will also get weaken. McDonalds concentrates on the efforts to the performance expectancies. It actually targets for enhancing the belief which employees are potential of performing the hob accomplish (Shen, Chanda, D'Netto, Monga, 2009). With the given time and training, employees of the company know what they are expected to do and also know how to do and at the same time belief in themselves to do it well. McDonalds are even dedicated to providing its customers the best services in the world. For doing this so, they provide training to their employees ("McDonalds goes for a culture change", 2017). There are mainly five types of training programs like shift management, business management, crew establishment and development, system management and restaurant management. Even the company has five expectations to their workers such as cleanliness, teamwork, total customers satisfac tion, job fit and work standards. Approach to managing human resources be directly applicable in a not-for-profit organization Staffing of human resources is one of the major decisions that non-profit organizations have to take. As most of the businesses have to rely on its human force, a nonprofit organization too faces the same situation. Non-profit organizations have to take same decisions and need to attend the same task as the profit making businesses in establishing and maintaining a reliable workforce (Merhar, 2017). For maintaining its employees, non-profit organizations mainly focuses on issues such as assessing the personal needs, orienting new employees to the organization. An effective non-profit management always tries to get more from the people. It is a clear fact that the success of the organization is hugely based on the people that company hires and how the company is encouraging its employees to gain confidence and involvement in the work (Thompson, 2017). Salary packaging is something that creates a special attraction of the employees towards the organization. Salary packaging is an operational and effective retention strategy. Salary packages can be generalized in numerous ways such as by providing laptops, bonus, PDAs and other guarantee scheme (O. Samuel Chipunza, 2017). Spastic Centre, located in New South Wales uses salary packaging as a means of attracting and retaining the employees. This nonprofit organization provides attractive salary packaging to retain its workers. The company can directly apply the McDonald Theory of retaining its employees in its operations. McDonalds is very translucent in its HR procedure as the outline of the company transports an objective framework to make pay results and to explain the pay verdicts to the employees. The company also preserves a strong team spirit and has plentiful HR policies and procedures that include gratitude programs, expansion of a sturdy culture that has the impact on the m agnetism and retaining of the staffs. Spastic Centre can provide facilities and advantages scheme to attract and also engage more employees in its operations. Through this, Spastic Centre could retain talented persons who give a strong performance to accomplish the organizational objectives and business goals. Spastic Centre could provide packaging like Pay and Rewards, Helping Balance the Life and Work, Investment in Future and Health and Protection, just like McDonald does. Through this, Spastic Centre could be able to retain its employees like McDonalds (R. Mitchell Albright, 2017). The specified nonprofit organization could also provide the basic requirements like safe atmosphere where the employees can get the pleasant working environment. McDonalds also delivers healthy and secured environment for all their employees. Spastic Centre can directly apply the McDonalds, because the strategies and of McDonalds are completely aimed in workers development (Thompson, 2017). The most important aim of every company is to ma ke safety for doing everything. The Spastic Centre can offer workplace security schemes. Conclusion It has been found from the study that the organizational culture of McDonalds supports its industry positioning goals. McDonalds practices its administrative culture to reach more consumers and workers. The culture of any organization describes the ethnicities, values and habits that impact the workers behavior. The study also demonstrated that the company maintains a strong team spirit and has numerous HR policies and processes that include recognition programs, development of strong culture that has influence on the attraction and retention of the staffs. The study also outlines that McDonalds concentrates on the efforts to the performance expectancies. It, in reality, targets for enhancing the belief which employees are potential of performing the hob accomplish. At last, the study found that Spastic center can directly apply the McDonald Theory of retaining its employees in its operations. It could provide facilities and advantages scheme to attract and also engage more employees in its operations. Through this, Spastic Centre could retain talented persons who give strong performance to accomplish the organizational objectives and business goals. Bibliography Alami, R., Sohaei, R., Maleki Berneti, A., Younesi, A., Farnia, M., Mirzajani, H. (2017). The Effectiveness of Human Resource Management on Improving the Performance of Education Staf. https://www.ijbssnet.com/. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_6_No_5_May_2015/28.pdf Albrecht, S., Bakker, A., Gruman, J., Macey, W., Saks, A. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage. Journal Of Organizational Effectiveness: People And Performance, 2(1), 7-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-08-2014-0042 A.OSIBANJO, O., A. ADENIJI, A., O. FALOLA, H., T. HEIRSMAC, P. (2017). Compensation packages: a strategic tool for employees performance and retention. Leonardo Journal Of Sciences, (25), p. 65-84. Retrieved from https://ljs.academicdirect.org/A25/065_084.pdf BILLIONAIRE HEDGE FUND MANAGER: McDonald's culture 'has to be turned upside down'. (2017). Business Insider. Retrieved 3 February 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.in/BILLIONAIRE-HEDGE-FUND-MANAGER-McDonalds-culture-has-to-be-turned-upside-down/articleshow/48089409.cms Burma, Z. (2017). Human Resource Management and Its Importance for Todays Organizations. International Journal Of Education And Social Science, 1(2), 85-93. Retrieved from https://www.ijessnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/9.pdf Das, B. (2013). Employee Retention: A Review of Literature. IOSR Journal Of Business And Management, 14(2), 08-16. https://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1420816 Das, B. Baruah, D. (2017). Employee Retention: A Review of Literature. Retrieved 3 February 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0fe1/bdfebc4272a68a87cb80edfa08103090297e.pdf Dudovskiy, J. (2017). Retrieved 3 February 2017, from https://research-methodology.net/mcdonalds-leadership-and-mcdonalds-organizational-structure/ Irshad, M. (2017). FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE RETENTION: EVIDENCE FROM LITERATURE REVIEW. Abasyn Journal Of Social Sciences, 4(1). Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5060/5156a3c72b3e20f11126cde2e53eb9b6f53c.pdf Kossivi, B., Xu, M., Kalgora, B. (2017). Study on Determining Factors of Employee Retention. Open Journal Of Social Sciences, 4. https://dx.doi.org/2016, 4 Kreitz, P. (2008). Best Practices for Managing Organizational Diversity. The Journal Of Academic Librarianship, 34(2), 101-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2007.12.001 Manhotoma, M. Mahachi, D. (2017). A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES AND PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY OF HOTEL ORGANISATIONS IN BOTSWANA. European Scientific Journal. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/4004/3815 McDonalds goes for a culture change. (2017). Ishn.com. Retrieved 3 February 2017, from https://www.ishn.com/articles/104797-mcdonalds-goes-for-a-culture-change McDonalds as Popculture | Culturing Media. (2017). Sites.tufts.edu. 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Implementation of Electronic Clinical Documentation

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of Electronic Clinical Documentation. Answer: Introduction Informatics plays a significant role in the modern business services and applications. There are numerous sectors and industries that have applied informatics in their processes and have benefitted from the same. The essay deals with the use, application and implementation of informatics in D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital. It covers the introduction to the hospital along with the goals and challenges associated with it. A detailed application of informatics to the organization along with the various phases under it has been covered in the essay. D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital is a community hospital that is located in Brewton, Alabama and has a capacity of 49 beds. The hospital is governed and managed by governed by the Escambia County Healthcare Authority Board of Directors. It is running successfully since over sixty years and aims to provide the excellent health care services to the individuals (Dwmmh, 2017). The hospital aims to provide the excellent quality health care services to the individuals. In addition to the same, it also aims to manage the information associated with the patients as well as the staff members in an integrated and secure manner. Providing health education to the citizens is also one of the goals of the hospital. The hospital is aiming to manage the health information of the patients with the aid of Electronic Health Records (EHR) to achieve its goals (Griffin, 2014). There are a number of challenges that the hospital goes through in the implementation of any of the new technologies. The case is the same with the implementation of Electronic Health Records. The major challenges are associated with the lack of resources, lack of skills along with the issues in the project management and change management (Norris, 2002). Application of Classic Themes of Informatics D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital was one of the early adopters of EHR. The need and decision to implement EHR in the processes of information storage and management was done after an extensive research that was carried out by the senior management of the hospital. Planning of the project was done at D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital by analyzing the problems with the current system, finalization of scope, decision of the project approach along with the resources and their skills (Moen, Merete and Knudsen, 2013). The process of application of EHR in the hospital was decided to be done by developing an automated replica of the existing paper based processes. For instance, the workflows were designed by analyzing the paper based for a particular health condition, such as, pneumonia care and an electronic version of the form was designed and implemented. The language options that were selected in the application of informatics to the hospital were kept in accordance with the general language trends in Alabama. The HER implementation was done in English as the major language and there were customization options that were provided in terms of language with the options as German, Spanish and French (Herrick, Gorman and Goodman, 2010). Communication between the project team and the stakeholders is extremely necessary and it was made sure during the EHR implementation at the hospital that the requirements and specifications were clearly understood by all. The management adopted a phased approach in the project to make sure that the team had the sufficient time to accomplish the implementation and application activities. Also, any of the errors, conflicts and disputes were reported and resolved by the leaders and managers (Kim, 2012). Discovery and Representation Discovery in a project or an activity refers to the knowledge that is gained through the same. Discovery plays an extremely significant role as it is necessary for every activity to give away certain learnings and knowledge to the resources. In the implementation of EHR at D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital, Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) and their concepts were not regular processes that were followed. The resources that were present in the hospital did not have any prior experience on the usage or the implementation of EHR in the hospital. The design and implementation team therefore referred to the existing paper based system to understand the requirements and came up with their automated counterparts (Payne, 2013). The integration of the system components with each other was one of the major discoveries during the process. It was discovered that there were various health conditions that shared the same form structure and it was possible to keep certain details of the patients as generalized as they were mandatory in all the health conditions. Recording and Remembering Electronic Health Records make use of the computing resources for the transmission and storage of health information. For the recording the health information of the patients in order to apply informatics in the process, it was required to have a back-end for the purpose. The health information was recorded with the aid a front end and the information was stored in the database (DB) linked with the same. There were many challenges that D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital went through in order to manage the project and the changes that resulted out from the same. It was difficult for the hospital staff o get used to the system. Therefore, a training plan was design for the successful application of informatics (Savel and Foldy, 2012). D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital came up with the development of a four session training program for the nurses that were appointed by the hospital. The admin or the super user and the instructors used to work with a group of eight nurses during the training sessions to provide them with the practical experience of the system. The hospital also developed a series of simulated patients in order to allow the nurses to gain experience with the real-world scenarios. Since the structure of the group was kept small, it provided the nurses with the ability to gain a better understanding and also allowed them to get answers to their doubts and queries easily. There was also feedback sessions that were arranged to make sure that the teaching covered during the trainings were remembered (Lovelace and Shah, 2016). The training plan and structure for the physicians was designed and structured in a little different manner. One-on-one education was provided to the physicians in the presence of a group. There were eighteen physicians grouped with eighteen super users and the training was provided to them all at the same time. Physician training was structured a bit differently, offering one-on-one education in a group setting. It allowed the physicians to gain complete knowledge about the system and the focus of the super user was also laid on one physician at a time. Systematization and Construction Data modeling played a significant role in the structuring of the information that was being stored in the electronic format. The use of data structures and database made sure that the health information was being recorded and stored in a systematic manner. The health records for every patient were kept separate and were identified with a unique id assigned to each record. It was also made sure that the health records associated with a particular professional or provider or health plan or health condition was constructed in a manner that it could be easily retrieved using any of these parameters (Lavin, 2015). Conclusion Informatics plays a significant role in the modern day businesses. It is necessary to have automated tools and applications for the easy processing of the information along with easy storage and retrieval of the same. Informatics has several applications and health care sector is one of the prime applicants of informatics. Health services are required to be of the latest technology and quality for every health centre and hospital to make sure that timely care is provided to the patients without any compromise on the quality. Electronic health records are easy to manage and maintain and also give various advantages such as prevention of data loss and leakage, removal of data duplication and faster processing of the data. D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital, Brewton, Alabama applied informatics by carrying out a successful implementation of EHR in its processes and applications. The implementation process was successful as there was adequate planning and control that was involved in the pr oject. Also, the step by step process was followed for the application of informatics by focusing upon naming and knowing, language and communication, discovery and representation, recording and remembering along with systematization and construction. The project went through numerous challenges due to the lack of resources and skills along with the need to manage huge number of changes. However, the business goals of the project were achieved through correct project approach along with the mix of technology and human skills. Use and application of informatics at the D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital allowed the hospital to not only provide enhanced service quality but also enabled the hospital in providing health education to the citizens. The data that was collected and stored through EHR system was analyzed to understand the health patterns on the basis of a number of different factors and suggestions were accordingly provided to improve the health condition (Mo, 2013). References Dwmmh, (2017). D.W. McMillan Memorial Hospital. [online] Dwmmh.org. Available at: https://www.dwmmh.org/ [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. Griffin, C. (2014). EHR implementation in a smaller hospital: A case study. [online] EHRIntelligence. Available at: https://ehrintelligence.com/news/ehr-implementation-in-a-smaller-hospital-a-case-study [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. Herrick, D., Gorman, L. and Goodman, J. (2010). Health Information Technology: Benefits and Problems. [online] Available at: https://www.ncpa.org/pdfs/st327.pdf [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. Kim, K. (2012). Benefits of and barriers to the use of personal health records (PHR) for health management among adults | OJNI. [online] Ojni.org. Available at: https://ojni.org/issues/?p=1995 [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. Lavin, M. (2015). Health Information Technology, Patient Safety, and Professional Nursing Care Documentation in Acute Care Settings. [online] Nursingworld.org. Available at: https://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-20-2015/No2-May-2015/Articles-Previous-Topics/Technology-Safety-and-Professional-Care-Documentation.html [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. Lovelace, K. and Shah, G. (2016). Informatics as a Strategic Priority and Collaborative Processes to Build a Smarter, Forward-Looking Health Department. [online] Available at: https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/Fulltext/2016/11001/Informatics_as_a_Strategic_Priority_and.16.aspx [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. Mo, P. (2013). The Use of Internet for Health Education. Journal of Biosafety Health Education, 01(01). Moen, A., Merete, L. and Knudsen, M. (2013). Nursing Informatics: Decades of Contribution to Health Informatics. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3717442/ [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. Norris, A. (2002). Current trends and challenges in health informatics. [online] Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a8c1/d4b21e8ea4c247a50b568adcb33a267235f8.pdf [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. Payne, S. (2013). The Implementation of Electronic Clinical Documentation Using Lewins Change Management Theory | Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics. [online] Cjni.net. Available at: https://cjni.net/journal/?p=2882 [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. Savel, T. and Foldy, S. (2012). The Role of Public Health Informatics in Enhancing Public Health Surveillance. [online] Cdc.gov. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6103a5.htm [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017].